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technical information release

1 technical information release

TIR, technical information release

бюллетень [сводка] технической информации

English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > technical information release
2 technical information release

TIR, technical information release

выпуск технической информации

English-Russian dictionary of program "Mir-Shuttle" > technical information release
3 technical information release

1) Военный термин: бюллетень технической информации

2) Космонавтика: выпуск технической информации

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > technical information release
4 information

информация; данные, сведения; см. тж. data

— accumulate information

— acquire information

— advance information

— aiming information

— alert information

— analog information

— appreciate information

— assess information

— authentic information

— background information

— broadcast information

— civil information

— classified defense information

— collateral information

— combat cue information

— combat information

— command information

— communicate information

— communications/security information

— comp titer output intelligence information

— compartmented information

— compromise information

— computer input intelligence information

— confidential modified handling authorized information

— confirm information

— confirmed information

— controlled deceptive information

— corroborate information

— couriered information

— cryptographic information

— cueing information

— current battle information

— dated information

— deceptive information

— defense information

— deny information to the enemy

— departmental information

— develop information

— disclose information

— discrete information

— display information

— disseminate information

— doctored information

— doubtful information

— enemy information

— engineer information

— false information

— filtered information

— flight information

— formalized information

— friendly information

— furnish information

— fuzing information

— gain information

— graphic information

— hard copy information

— hard information

— hostile battery information

— hostile mortar information

— image information

— imagery information

— imitative deceptive information

— incoming information

— intelligence information

— interpret information

— launching information

— log information

— maintain daily real time photo information of the area

— manipulative deceptive information

— mapping information

— marginal information

— military geographic information

— misleading information

— narrative information

— national defense information

— national security information

— near-real-time information

— need-to-know information

— nice-to-know information

— nondefense information

— nonreal-time information

— nonsecurity information

— nuclear weapon-related information

— obtain information

— operational information

— outgoing information

— piece information

— pin-pointed information

— planted information

— plot information

— process information

— procure information

— public information

— racial awareness command information

— radar information

— random-time information

— real-time information

— receive information

— releasable information

— reporting information

— rnultidisciplinary intelligence information

— safeguard information

— scientific and technical information

— secure information

— security information

— selective-call basis information

— send information through couriers

— sensitive information

— sift information

— status information

— supplement information

— tactical information

— target information

— target tracking information

— target update information

— targeting information

— task information

— telemetric information

— textual information

— threat information

— time-sensitive information

— transcribe information

— troop information

— true information

— unencrypted telemetric information

— vectoring information

— warning information

— weapons release information

— weather information

— wild information

English-Russian military dictionary > information
5 release

[rə'li:s] 1. verb
1) (to set free; to allow to leave: He was released from prison yesterday; I am willing to release him from his promise to me.) odpustiti

2) (to stop holding etc; to allow to move, fall etc: He released (his hold on) the rope.) izpustiti

3) (to move (a catch, brake etc) which prevents something else from moving, operating etc: He released the handbrake and drove off.) popustiti

4) (to allow (news etc) to be made known publicly: The list of winners has just been released.) razglasiti

5) (to offer (a film, record etc) to the general public: Their latest record will be released next week.) objaviti
2. noun
1) (the act of releasing or being released: After his release, the prisoner returned to his home town; the release of a new film; ( also adjective) the release catch.) izpustitev; izid

2) (something that is released: This record is their latest release; The Government issued a press release (= a statement giving information about something, sent or given to newspapers, reporters etc).) objava

* * *
I [rilí:s]
noun

osvoboditev, izpustitev na svobodo ( from iz), (od)rešitev ( from od česa), razbremenitev, olajšanje, oprostitev, spregled; juridically razrešitev dolžnosti, odstop; prenos pravice (premoženja) na drugega, odstop(itev); odreka (pravicam); dokument (o odstopu); potrdilo pobotnica; odobritev filma za predvajanje; technical mehanizem za sprožitev ali ustavitev, izklop stroja

release from a debt (mortgage) — oprostitev (brisanje) dolga (hipoteke)

happy release figuratively smrt

it was to me a great release — to mi je bilo v veliko olajšanje
II [rilí:s]
transitive verb

osvoboditi ( from iz, od), rešiti, odvezati (obveznosti), izvleči ( from iz); dati prostost, izpustiti ( from iz); juridically odpustiti, spregledati, zbrisati (dolg), prenesti (na koga), odreči se, odstopiti komu (posest, pravico itd.); prinesti na trg (tržišče); dovoliti javno predvajanje ( a film filma); technical sprožiti, izklopiti

to release an article for publication — dovoliti objavo članka

to release bombs — spustiti, odvreči bombe

to release from an obligation — oprostiti obveznosti

to release a mortgage — izbrisati hipoteko

to release a prisoner — izpustiti ujetnika

to release a right — odreči se pravici

to release s.o. from his word — odvezati koga njegove besede

English-Slovenian dictionary > release
6 T.I.R.

. Technical Information Release . Special IRS Abbreviations .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > T.I.R.
7 TIR

1) Спорт: Trapped In Reality

2) Военный термин: Technical Interface Requirement, target illuminating radar, target indication room, technical information release, technical intelligence report, terminal imaging radar, thermal/infrared, tracker-illuminator radar, tracking in range, ТИР (рЛС с ФАР для обнаружения баллистических целей на конечном участке траектории)

3) Техника: time in range, total item record, tracking and illumination radar

4) Автомобильный термин: total internal reflector (headlights), Test Incident Report

5) Оптика: total image readout, total indicator reading, total internal reflection

6) Сокращение: Thermal Imaging Radar, Thermal Infra-Red, Tigrinya, Tracking & Illuminating Radar, transport international routier (carnet; Fr.)

7) Физиология: Traumatic Incident Reduction

8) Электроника: Total Indicated Run

9) Нефть: technical interface register

10) Космонавтика: thermal infrared spectrum

11) Транспорт: Transports Internationaux Routiers, Trucker's Interchange Receipt, Система МДП (Transport International Routier. Разрешение международным транспортным компаниям осуществлять грузовые перевозки через границы государств с минимальными формальностями), Система ТИР (Transport International Routier. Разрешение международным транспортным компаниям осуществлять грузовые перевозки через границы государств с минимальными формальностями), ТИР (Transport International Routier. Разрешение международным транспортным компаниям осуществлять грузовые перевозки через границы государств с минимальными формальностями), МДП (Transport International Routier http://www.unece.org/trans/bcf/tir/welcome.html), Convention on the International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets (http://www.unece.org/trans/bcf/tir/tirconv/conv75.htm), Книжка МДП; МДП; Таможенная Конвенция о Международной Перевозке Грузов с Применением Книжки МДП 1975 года (Автотранспортный термин), Книжка МДП; МДП; Таможенная Конвенция о международной перевозке грузов с применением книжки МДП (Автотранспортный термин)

12) Фирменный знак: The Internet Ramp

13) Экология: тепловая инфракрасная область спектра

14) Сетевые технологии: Transport International Routier

15) Автоматика: total indicator runout

16) Экструзия: степень действительных разрушений (true impact rate (испытание полимерных труб на истирание))

17) МИД: total indicated reading

18) Насосы: (total indicated runout) полное замеренное биение (суммарное показание индикатора)

19) NYSE. China Tire Holdings, LTD.

20) Международные перевозки: Customs Convention on the international transport of goods under cover of TIR carnets (for international road transport)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > TIR
8 tir

1) Спорт: Trapped In Reality

2) Военный термин: Technical Interface Requirement, target illuminating radar, target indication room, technical information release, technical intelligence report, terminal imaging radar, thermal/infrared, tracker-illuminator radar, tracking in range, ТИР (рЛС с ФАР для обнаружения баллистических целей на конечном участке траектории)

3) Техника: time in range, total item record, tracking and illumination radar

4) Автомобильный термин: total internal reflector (headlights), Test Incident Report

5) Оптика: total image readout, total indicator reading, total internal reflection

6) Сокращение: Thermal Imaging Radar, Thermal Infra-Red, Tigrinya, Tracking & Illuminating Radar, transport international routier (carnet; Fr.)

7) Физиология: Traumatic Incident Reduction

8) Электроника: Total Indicated Run

9) Нефть: technical interface register

10) Космонавтика: thermal infrared spectrum

11) Транспорт: Transports Internationaux Routiers, Trucker's Interchange Receipt, Система МДП (Transport International Routier. Разрешение международным транспортным компаниям осуществлять грузовые перевозки через границы государств с минимальными формальностями), Система ТИР (Transport International Routier. Разрешение международным транспортным компаниям осуществлять грузовые перевозки через границы государств с минимальными формальностями), ТИР (Transport International Routier. Разрешение международным транспортным компаниям осуществлять грузовые перевозки через границы государств с минимальными формальностями), МДП (Transport International Routier http://www.unece.org/trans/bcf/tir/welcome.html), Convention on the International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets (http://www.unece.org/trans/bcf/tir/tirconv/conv75.htm), Книжка МДП; МДП; Таможенная Конвенция о Международной Перевозке Грузов с Применением Книжки МДП 1975 года (Автотранспортный термин), Книжка МДП; МДП; Таможенная Конвенция о международной перевозке грузов с применением книжки МДП (Автотранспортный термин)

12) Фирменный знак: The Internet Ramp

13) Экология: тепловая инфракрасная область спектра

14) Сетевые технологии: Transport International Routier

15) Автоматика: total indicator runout

16) Экструзия: степень действительных разрушений (true impact rate (испытание полимерных труб на истирание))

17) МИД: total indicated reading

18) Насосы: (total indicated runout) полное замеренное биение (суммарное показание индикатора)

19) NYSE. China Tire Holdings, LTD.

20) Международные перевозки: Customs Convention on the international transport of goods under cover of TIR carnets (for international road transport)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > tir
9 TIR

TIR, target illuminating radar

РЛС подсветки целей
————————
TIR, target indication room

пост целеуказания [отображения целей]
————————
TIR, technical information release

бюллетень [сводка] технической информации
————————
TIR, technical intelligence report

донесение технической разведки
————————
TIR, terminal imaging radar

РЛС обнаружения целей на конечном участке траектории с индикацией изображения
————————
TIR, thermal/infrared

тепловизионный и инфракрасный
————————
TIR, tracker-illuminator radar

РЛС сопровождения и подсветки целей
————————
TIR, tracking in range

сопровождение по дальности

English-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > TIR
10 TIR

TIR, technical information release

выпуск технической информации

English-Russian dictionary of program "Mir-Shuttle" > TIR

11 PDM

модуль распределения питания
-
[Интент]

4921
Рис. APC
Модуль для подачи питания на трехфазную нагрузку
4933
Рис. APC
Модуль для подачи питания на однофазные нагрузки

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Factory assembled and tested Power Distribution Modules include circuit breaker, power cord, power connection, and circuit monitoring.

Собранные и проверенные на заводе-изготовиетеле модули распределения питания включают в себя автоматический выключатель, кабель, кабельную розетку и средства контроля состояния линии питания.

A variety of breaker and connector options can be chosen to supply either three-phase or single-phase power to the load.

Широкий выбор автоматических выключателей и кабельных розеток позволяет легко подобрать нужный модуль для подачи питания на трехфазные и однофазные нагрузки.

When demand rises and expansion becomes necessary, simply plug in new Power Distribution Modules. The factory-assembled modules, which include circuit breaker, power cord, and power connection, can be installed in mere minutes. There are multiple power ratings and power cord lengths for low to high power, guaranteeing compatibility and quick, easy, and convenient installation.
[APC]

Когда потребляемая мощность увеличивается и необходимо расширение системы бесперебойного питания, то достаточно просто вставить новые модули распределения питания. Собранные на заводе-изготовителе модули, состоящие из автоматического выключателя, кабеля и кабельной розетки, можно установить за несколько минут. Модули поставляются на различные номинальные токи и с кабелями различной длины, что позволяет легко подобрать нужный модуль, быстро и без особого труда его установить.
[Перевод Интент]

How to install the PDM

Note: Some Power Distribution Units have filler plates installed. When a PDM is to be installed, the filler plate must be removed from the busbar.

4922

1 Press down on the clip.
2 Pull out the plate from the unit. (Do not throw away the filler plate. Keep it for potential later use).

4923

3 Verify that all the breakers are in the OFF position.
4 Press the red button to release the latch.
5 Pull open the latch.

Vertical Rack Distribution Panel
4924

Horizontal Rack Distribution Panel
4925

6 Feed the cable(s) up through the top opening in the enclosure and into the cable power troughs (if applicable) on top of enclosures.

How to install a PDM circuit breaker handle tie

4926

1 Locate the handle tie above the circuit breaker handles aligning the two tabs between the three handles.
2 Push the handle tie towards the circuit breaker handles until it snaps into position. Check to make sure that the handle tie is secure.
3 The handle tie can be removed by pulling it from the circuit breaker handles.

Тематики

НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
источники и системы электропитания

EN

модуляция по длительности импульса
широтно-импульсная модуляция
ШИМ
—
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]

Тематики

информационные технологии в целом

Синонимы

EN

управление данными об изделии
Системы PDM обобщают такие технологии, как:
EDM (engineering data management) - управление инженерными данными,
PIM (product information management) - управление информацией об изделии,
TDM (technical data management) - управление техническими данными,
TIM (technical information management) - управление технической информацией,
а также другие системы, которые используются для манипулирования информацией, всесторонне определяющей конкретное изделие. Короче говоря, любая информация, необходимая на том или ином этапе жизненного цикла изделия, может управляться системой PDM, которая предоставляет корректные данные всем пользователям и всем промышленным информационным системам по мере надобности. Наряду с данными, PDM управляет и проектом - процессом разработки изделия, контролируя собственно информацию об изделии - "продукте", о состоянии объектов данных, об утверждении вносимых изменений, осуществляя авторизацию и другие операции, которые влияют на данные об изделии и режимы доступа к ним каждого конкретного пользователя.
Таким образом, речь идет о полном, централизованном и постоянном автоматизированном контроле за всей совокупностью данных, описывающих как само изделие, так и процессы его конструирования, производства, эксплуатации и утилизации.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]

Тематики

информационные технологии в целом

EN

фазоразностная модуляция
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики

информационные технологии в целом

EN

широтно-импульсная модуляция
ШИМ
Последовательный сигнал, информативным в котором является ширина импульса при постоянной частоте следования.
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]

широтно-импульсная модуляция
-
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]

Тематики

электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

ШИМ

EN

06.04.13 поверхностная акустическая волна [ surface acoustic wave; SAW]: Электроакустический эффект, используемый в системах автоматической идентификации, когда микроволновые радиосигналы малой мощности с помощью пьезоэлектрического кристалла в радиочастотной метке преобразуются в ультразвуковые поверхностные акустические волны.

Примечание - Информация об уникальной идентификации содержится в фазово-временных вариациях отраженного радиочастотной меткой сигнала.

<2>4 Сокращения

ARQ	Автоматический запрос повтора [Automatic Repeat Request]
ASK	Амплитудная манипуляция [Amplitude Shift Keying]
BPSK	Бинарная фазовая манипуляция [Binary Phase Shift Keying]
CDMA	Множественный доступ с кодовым разделением каналов [Code Division Multiple Access]
CSMA	Множественный доступ с анализом состояния канала передачи данных [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
CSMA/CD	Множественный доступ с анализом состояния канала передачи данных и обнаружением конфликтов [Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection]
DBPSK	Дифференциальная бинарная фазовая манипуляция [Differential binary phase shift keying]
DSSS	Широкополосная модуляция с непосредственной передачей псевдослучайной последовательности [Direct sequence spread spectrum modulation]
EIRP (ЭИИМ)	Эквивалентная изотропно-излучаемая мощность [Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power]
EMI	Электромагнитная помеха [ElectroMagnetic Interference]
ETR	Технический отчет ETSI [European Telecommunications Report]
ETS	Телекоммуникационный стандарт ETSI [European Telecommunications Standard]
ETSI	Европейский институт по стандартизации в области телекоммуникаций [European Telecommunications Standards Institute]
FHSS	Широкополосная модуляция с дискретной перестройкой несущей частоты [Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum]
FSK	Частотная манипуляция [Frequency Shift Keying]
GHz (ГГц)	Гигагерц [Gigahertz]
GMSK	Минимальная гауссовская манипуляция [Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying]
kHz (кГц)	Килогерц [Kilohertz]
MSK	Минимальнофазовая частотная манипуляция [Minimum shift keying]
MHz (МГц)	Мегагерц [Megahertz]
OBE	Навесное оборудование [On-Board Equipment]
PDM	Модуляция импульса по длительности, широтно-импульсная модуляция [Pulse Duration Modulation]
PM	Фазовая модуляция [Phase modulation]
PPM (ФИМ)	Фазоимпульсная модуляция [Modulation (pulse position)]
PSK	Фазовая манипуляция [Phase Shift Keying]
PWM	Широтно-импульсная модуляция [Pulse Width Modulation]
RF/DC	Обмен данными системы радиочастотной идентификации [Radio frequency data communication]
RFI	Радиопомеха [Radio frequency interference]
RSSI	Индикатор уровня принимаемого сигнала [Receiving Signal Strength Indicator]
S/N	Отношение сигнала к шуму [Signal/noise ratio]
SAW	Поверхностная акустическая волна [Surface Acoustic Wave]
SIN AD	Отношение сигнала к шуму и искажению [Signal to Noise & Distortion]
SRD	Устройство малого радиуса действия [Short Range Device]
TBR	Технические основы регулирования [Technical Basis for Regulation]
TDD	Дуплексная связь с временным разделением каналов [Time Division Duplexing]
TDM	Временное разделение каналов [Time Division Multiplexing]

<2>Библиография

[1]

МЭК 60050-713

(IEC 60050-713)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Часть 713. Радиосвязь: приемники, передатчики, сети и их режим работы

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 713: Radiocommunications: transmitters, receivers, networks and operation)

[2]

МЭК 60050-705

(IEC 60050-705)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 705: Распространение радиоволн ( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 705: Radio wave propagation)

[3]

МЭК 60050-702

(IEC 60050-702)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 702: Колебания, сигналы и соответствующие устройства

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 702: Oscillations, signals and related devices)

[4]

МЭК 60050-121

(IEC 60050-121)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 121: Электромагнетизм ( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 121: Electromagnetism)

[5]

МЭК 60050-712

(IEC 60050-712)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 712: Антенны ( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 712: Antennas)

[6]

МЭК 60050-221

(IEC 60050-221)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 221: Магнитные материалы и компоненты

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 221: Magnetic materials and components)

[7]

ИСО/МЭК 2382-9:1995

(ISO/IEC2382-9:1995)

Информационная технология. Словарь. Часть 9. Обмен данными ( Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 9: Data communication)

[8]

МЭК 60050-725

(IEC 60050-725)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 725: Космическая радиосвязь ( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 725: Space radiocommunications)

[9]

МЭК 60050-714

(IEC 60050-714)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 714: Коммутация и сигнализация в электросвязи

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 714: Switching and signalling in telecommunications)

[10]

МЭК 60050-704

(IEC 60050-704)

Международный Электротехнический словарь. Глава 704. Техника передачи ( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 704: Transmission)

[11]

МЭК 60050-161

(IEC 60050-161)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 161: Электромагнитная совместимость ( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility)

[12]

ИСО/МЭК 8824-1

(ISO/IEC 8824-1)

Информационные технологии. Абстрактная синтаксическая нотация версии один

(АСН.1). Часть 1. Спецификация основной нотации

(Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation)¹⁾

[13]

ИСО/МЭК 9834-1

(ISO/IEC 9834-1)

Информационные технологии. Взаимосвязь открытых систем. Процедуры действий уполномоченных по регистрации ВОС. Часть 1. Общие процедуры и верхние дуги дерева идентификатора объекта АСН.1

( Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Procedures for the operation of OSI Registration Authorities: General procedures and top arcs of the ASN. 1 Object Identifier tree)

[14]

ИСО/МЭК 15962]

(ISO/IEC 15962)

Информационные технологии. Радиочастотная идентификация (RFID) для управления предметами. Протокол данных: правила кодирования данных и функции логической памяти

( Information technology - Radio frequency identification ( RFID) for item management - Data protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions)

[15]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-1

(ISO/IEC 19762-1)

Информационные технологии. Технологии автоматической идентификации и сбора данных (АИСД). Гармонизированный словарь. Часть 1. Общие термины в области АIDC ( Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture ( AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary - Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC)

[16]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-2

(ISO/IEC 19762-2)

Информационные технологии. Технологии автоматической идентификации и сбора данных (АИСД). Гармонизированный словарь. Часть 2. Оптические носители данных (ОНД)

( Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture ( AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary - Part 2: Optically readable media ( ORM))

[17]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-3

(ISO/IEC 19762-3)

Информационные технологии. Технологии автоматической идентификации и сбора данных (АИСД). Гармонизированный словарь. Часть 3. Радиочастотная идентификация (РЧИ)

( Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture ( AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary - Part 3: Radio frequency identification ( RFID))

[18]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-5

(ISO/IEC 19762-5)

Информационные технологии. Технологии автоматической идентификации и сбора данных (АИСД). Гармонизированный словарь. Часть 5. Системы определения места нахождения

( Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture ( AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary - Part 5: Locating systems)

[19]

ИСО/МЭК 18000-6

(ISO/IEC 18000-6)

Информационные технологии. Радиочастотная идентификация для управления предметами. Часть 6. Параметры радиоинтерфейса для диапазона частот 860 - 960 МГц ( Information technology - Radio frequency identification for item management - Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz)

_____________

¹⁾В оригинале ИСО/МЭК 19762-4 стандарты [12] - [19] включены в раздел «Библиография», однако следует учитывать, что в основном тексте стандарта ссылок на них нет.

<2>

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО/МЭК 19762-4-2011: Информационные технологии. Технологии автоматической идентификации и сбора данных (АИСД). Гармонизированный словарь. Часть 4. Общие термины в области радиосвязи оригинал документа

Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > PDM

12 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

13 ETR

легкодоступный
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики

информационные технологии в целом

EN

рекомендации по связи в Европе
Название серии документов, дополняющих стандарты, разработанные ETSI. Спецификации, приведенные в документе ETR, не обязательны при реализации оборудования соответствующего стандарта.
[Л.М. Невдяев. Телекоммуникационные технологии. Англо-русский толковый словарь-справочник. Под редакцией Ю.М. Горностаева. Москва, 2002]

Тематики

электросвязь, основные понятия

EN

снижение тарифов на электроэнергию
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

энергетика в целом

EN

упреждающее освобождение маркера
Механизм, используемый в сетях Token Ring (16 Мбит/с), в рамках которого передающая станция присоединяет свободный маркер к своему сообщению, обеспечивая доступность маркера до того, как он обойдет кольцо полностью.
[ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/net/index.html]

Тематики

сети вычислительные

EN

ядерный реактор для технических испытаний
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

энергетика в целом

EN

<2>4 Сокращения

ARQ	Автоматический запрос повтора [Automatic Repeat Request]
ASK	Амплитудная манипуляция [Amplitude Shift Keying]
BPSK	Бинарная фазовая манипуляция [Binary Phase Shift Keying]
CDMA	Множественный доступ с кодовым разделением каналов [Code Division Multiple Access]
CSMA	Множественный доступ с анализом состояния канала передачи данных [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
CSMA/CD	Множественный доступ с анализом состояния канала передачи данных и обнаружением конфликтов [Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection]
DBPSK	Дифференциальная бинарная фазовая манипуляция [Differential binary phase shift keying]
DSSS	Широкополосная модуляция с непосредственной передачей псевдослучайной последовательности [Direct sequence spread spectrum modulation]
EIRP (ЭИИМ)	Эквивалентная изотропно-излучаемая мощность [Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power]
EMI	Электромагнитная помеха [ElectroMagnetic Interference]
ETR	Технический отчет ETSI [European Telecommunications Report]
ETS	Телекоммуникационный стандарт ETSI [European Telecommunications Standard]
ETSI	Европейский институт по стандартизации в области телекоммуникаций [European Telecommunications Standards Institute]
FHSS	Широкополосная модуляция с дискретной перестройкой несущей частоты [Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum]
FSK	Частотная манипуляция [Frequency Shift Keying]
GHz (ГГц)	Гигагерц [Gigahertz]
GMSK	Минимальная гауссовская манипуляция [Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying]
kHz (кГц)	Килогерц [Kilohertz]
MSK	Минимальнофазовая частотная манипуляция [Minimum shift keying]
MHz (МГц)	Мегагерц [Megahertz]
OBE	Навесное оборудование [On-Board Equipment]
PDM	Модуляция импульса по длительности, широтно-импульсная модуляция [Pulse Duration Modulation]
PM	Фазовая модуляция [Phase modulation]
PPM (ФИМ)	Фазоимпульсная модуляция [Modulation (pulse position)]
PSK	Фазовая манипуляция [Phase Shift Keying]
PWM	Широтно-импульсная модуляция [Pulse Width Modulation]
RF/DC	Обмен данными системы радиочастотной идентификации [Radio frequency data communication]
RFI	Радиопомеха [Radio frequency interference]
RSSI	Индикатор уровня принимаемого сигнала [Receiving Signal Strength Indicator]
S/N	Отношение сигнала к шуму [Signal/noise ratio]
SAW	Поверхностная акустическая волна [Surface Acoustic Wave]
SIN AD	Отношение сигнала к шуму и искажению [Signal to Noise & Distortion]
SRD	Устройство малого радиуса действия [Short Range Device]
TBR	Технические основы регулирования [Technical Basis for Regulation]
TDD	Дуплексная связь с временным разделением каналов [Time Division Duplexing]
TDM	Временное разделение каналов [Time Division Multiplexing]

<2>Библиография

[1]

МЭК 60050-713

(IEC 60050-713)

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 713: Radiocommunications: transmitters, receivers, networks and operation)

[2]

МЭК 60050-705

(IEC 60050-705)

[3]

МЭК 60050-702

(IEC 60050-702)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 702: Колебания, сигналы и соответствующие устройства

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 702: Oscillations, signals and related devices)

[4]

МЭК 60050-121

(IEC 60050-121)

[5]

МЭК 60050-712

(IEC 60050-712)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 712: Антенны ( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 712: Antennas)

[6]

МЭК 60050-221

(IEC 60050-221)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 221: Магнитные материалы и компоненты

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 221: Magnetic materials and components)

[7]

ИСО/МЭК 2382-9:1995

(ISO/IEC2382-9:1995)

Информационная технология. Словарь. Часть 9. Обмен данными ( Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 9: Data communication)

[8]

МЭК 60050-725

(IEC 60050-725)

[9]

МЭК 60050-714

(IEC 60050-714)

Международный электротехнический словарь. Глава 714: Коммутация и сигнализация в электросвязи

( International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 714: Switching and signalling in telecommunications)

[10]

МЭК 60050-704

(IEC 60050-704)

[11]

МЭК 60050-161

(IEC 60050-161)

[12]

ИСО/МЭК 8824-1

(ISO/IEC 8824-1)

Информационные технологии. Абстрактная синтаксическая нотация версии один

(АСН.1). Часть 1. Спецификация основной нотации

(Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation)¹⁾

[13]

ИСО/МЭК 9834-1

(ISO/IEC 9834-1)

( Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Procedures for the operation of OSI Registration Authorities: General procedures and top arcs of the ASN. 1 Object Identifier tree)

[14]

ИСО/МЭК 15962]

(ISO/IEC 15962)

( Information technology - Radio frequency identification ( RFID) for item management - Data protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions)

[15]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-1

(ISO/IEC 19762-1)

[16]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-2

(ISO/IEC 19762-2)

( Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture ( AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary - Part 2: Optically readable media ( ORM))

[17]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-3

(ISO/IEC 19762-3)

( Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture ( AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary - Part 3: Radio frequency identification ( RFID))

[18]

ИСО/МЭК 19762-5

(ISO/IEC 19762-5)

( Information technology - Automatic identification and data capture ( AIDC) techniques - Harmonized vocabulary - Part 5: Locating systems)

[19]

ИСО/МЭК 18000-6

(ISO/IEC 18000-6)

_____________

<2>

Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ETR

14 time

время; срок; дата; продолжительность; период; темп; производить расчет времени; согласовывать ( действия) по времени, хронометрировать

nuclear weapon reaction time (from target acquisition to delivery) — время реагирования систем доставки ЯО (от обнаружения цели до нанесения ЯУ)

qualifying time for promotion (to) — выслуга лет для присвоения очередного воинского звания

station time (air transport) — время на погрузку и подготовку ЛА к вылету

time on target (air) — ав. время нанесения удара по цели; время аэрофотосъемки цели

time on target (artillery) — время открытия одновременного сосредоточенного огня (различными артиллерийскими системами)

time on target (nuclear) — расчетное время ЯВ (в назначенном эпицентре)

— actual time over target

— administrative lead time

— administrative time

— airborne alert time

— aircraft loading time

— airfield escape time

— Alfa time

— allowable stay time

— approach warning time

— Army time

— assignment turnaround time

— attack-response time

— average landing time

— awaiting technical maintenance time

— blast travel time

— bomb fall time

— bonus time

— bridge laying time

— burst time

— buy time

— chow time

— clearance time

— closing time to contact

— closing time to minimum burst altitude time

— closing time

— closure time

— combat firing time

— combat mission planning time

— combat target exposure time

— combat time

— command time

— commitment time

— completion time

— computer information retrieval time

— continental US assignment turnaround time

— continuous flame throwing time

— control response time

— convoy time

— convoy turnaround time

— count down time

— critical time

— current operating time

— datum and datum time

— datum time ASW

— dazzle recovery time

— dead time

— decision-to-assault time

— deorbit time

— departure time

— deployment lead time

— deployment time

— depot processing time

— desired time over target

— detrucking time

— displacement time

— distribution time

— down time

— drill against time

— duration time

— dwell time

— earliest arriving time

— early time

— early-warning time

— ECM loiter time over target

— effective time of contamination

— effective time of operation

— effective time of the order

— elapsed time indicated

— emergency replenishment time

— emplacement time

— engine idle time

— entrucking time

— entry time

— erection time

— established time of separation

— establishment time

— estimated time of completion

— estimated time of crew's return

— estimated time of interception

— estimated time

— exception time

— exercise time

— expected minimum warning time

— exploitation time

— exposure time

— fallout arrival time

— fast setup time

— feeding time

— field time

— fighter exposure time per shot

— filing time

— fire exposure time

— fire renewal time

— fire time nuclear

— fire-enable time

— firing time

— firing-to-impact time

— first sighting — weapon trigger time

— flash-bang time

— flight time

— flight-in time

— fly-in time

— flying time to the target

— flying time

— follow-on forces closure time

— forces concentration time

— forces massing time

— forming time

— free time

— fuze running time

— gain time

— go time

— good conduct time

— Greenwich sidereal time

— ground launching time

— ground time

— ground turn-around time

— gyrospinup time

— half-residence time

— heavy-drop time

— holding time

— illumination time

— imaginary time

— impact point time

— information delivery time

— initial entry time

— in-operation time

— in-place time

— intelligence information storing time

— interception time

— intransit time

— jammer response time

— jump time

— jumpoff time

— lag time

— latest closing time

— latest time over target

— launcher reload time

— launching time

— lead time

— legal closing time

— Lima time

— line of departure time

— load time

— loading time

— load-out time

— local sidereal time

— logging time

— logistics lead time

— loiter time

— loxing time

— maintenance-down time

— maintenance-turnaround time

— manufacturing lead time

— mark time

— masking time

— materiel lead time

— mean active maintenance time

— mean time to repair

— median lethal time

— message secrecy time

— military time

— minimal warning time

— minimum delivery time

— minimum warning time

— minus time

— missile-to-target flight time

— mission duration time

— mission entry time

— mission loiter time

— mission station loiter time

— mission station over target time

— mobilization readiness lead time

— mortar time on area

— mortar time on line

— mortar time on target

— Mountain Standard time

— movement start time

— Naffy time

— NATO preparation time

— Navy time

— nuclear attack response time

— nuclear launch tentative time

— nuclear weapon employment time

— obscuration time

— observation time

— off-duty time

— offlanding time

— offload time

— off-station due time

— on-air time

— on-load/off-load time

— on-station time

— on-task time

— open air time

— open time

— opening fire time

— opening times

— order time

— order-ship time

— ordnance down time

— ordnance time to fall

— orientation time

— out-of-action time

— pad rehabilitation time

— pad stay time

— pass time

— personnel reaction time

— pipeline time

— play time

— plus time

— prelaunch time

— prior warning time

— procurement lead time

— production lead time

— pull time

— quick time

— radar lag time

— rating time

— reaction time

— readiness time

— receipt time

— recoil time

— recovery time

— refueling time

— regunning time

— reinforcing time

— release time

— reload time

— repair lead time

— response time

— resupply turn-around time

— retargeting time

— retire time

— road clearance time

— running time

— safe arming time

— SAM system reaction time

— scanning time

— scramble time

— self-destruction time

— setting-up time

— set-up/tear-down time

— shift time

— shock wave arrival time

— short reaction time

— short time of flight

— situational change reaction time

— slack time

— smoke build-up time

— smoke screen time

— staff reaction time

— stand-down time

— start point time

— stay time

— stick jump time

— stick time

— strategic warning lead time

— strategic warning post-decision time

— strategic warning pre-decision time

— system delay time

— tactical warning time

— target "unmask" time

— target acquisition - engagement time

— target detection - engagement time

— target illumination time

— target stay time

— target-exposure time

— target-servicing time

— tension time

— tie-up time

— time available

— time between overhauls

— time closed

— time enroute

— time in commission

— time into action

— time of arrival

— time of attack

— time of delivery

— time of flight

— time of origin

— time of receipt

— time of return to operation

— time on aim

— time on station

— time on target

— time over target

— time past a point

— time reported displaced

— time taken to complete a move

— time to go

— time Universal Observed

— track time

— training time

— trajectory safety time

— trajectory time

— transhipment time

— troop movement alert time

— turnaround time

— unit time

— unloading time

— unserved time

— warhead delivery time

— warhead detonation delay time

— warmup time

— warning time

— warranted-between-failure time

— weapon reaction time

— weapon-target time

— win time

— zero reaction time

— Zulu time

English-Russian military dictionary > time
15 resource

n

1) способ; средство

2) обыкн. pl ресурсы; запасы

3) отдых, развлечения

4) находчивость, изобретательность

•

to affect allocations of resources — влиять / воздействовать на распределение ресурсов

to afford resources — предоставлять ресурсы

to allocate resources — распределять ресурсы

to apply resources — использовать ресурсы

to canalize / to channel resources to smth — направлять ресурсы на что-л.

to contribute resources — предоставлять ресурсы / средства, обеспечивать ресурсами

to deplete resources — истощать ресурсы

to derive resources from the sea — извлекать / добывать / получать ресурсы из моря

to develop natural resources — осваивать / разрабатывать природные ресурсы

to divert resources — отвлекать / переключать ресурсы

to drain resources — истощать ресурсы

to exploit resources — разрабатывать ресурсы; использовать ресурсы

to generate resources — создавать ресурсы

to make maximum use of natural resources — максимально использовать природные ресурсы

to manage resources — управлять ресурсами

to marshal resources — распределять ресурсы

to mobilize resources — мобилизовать ресурсы

to pool resources — объединять ресурсы

to possess large resources — обладать большими ресурсами / природными богатствами

to prevent depletion of resources — предотвращать истощение ресурсов

to process natural resources — перерабатывать природные ресурсы

to provide resources — обеспечивать ресурсы

to redeploy resources — переключать ресурсы

to release resources — высвобождать ресурсы

to rely on one's own resources — надеяться только на свои силы

to secure the utilization of resources — обеспечивать использование ресурсов

to spread resources — рассредоточивать / распределять ресурсы

to stimulate the flow of foreign resources (to) — стимулировать приток внешних ресурсов / средств (в)

to target existing resources to those more in need — направлять имеющиеся ресурсы тем, кто в них больше нуждается

to top resources — подключать / использовать ресурсы

to use / to utilize resources to maximum effect — использовать ресурсы наиболее эффективно

to waste resources — растрачивать ресурсы

- abundant resources
- additional resources
- adequate resources
- allocation of resources
- available resources
- country is devoid of natural resources
- currency resources
- depletion of essential resources
- deterioration of natural resources

- development of natural resources
- diminishing resources
- distribution of resources
- economic resources
- energy resources
- environmental resources
- essential resources
- exploitation of resources
- exploration of natural resources
- extrabudgetary resources
- fairer sharing out of the world's resources
- financial resources
- finite resources
- foreign exchange resources
- fuel and energy resources
- fuel and power resources
- fuel and raw materials resources
- fuel resources
- health resources
- human resources
- indiscriminate use of natural resources

- information resources
- internal resources
- labor resources
- limitless resources
- local resources
- manpower resources
- marshaling of resources
- material and financial resources
- material and technical resources
- material resources
- military resources
- mineral resources
- misallocation of resources
- mismanagement of resources
- monetary resources
- national resources
- natural resources
- net flow of financial resources
- nonrenewable resources
- nonreproducible resources
- overall flow of resources
- physical resources
- pooling of resources
- potential resources
- power resources
- processing of mineral and agricultural resources
- productive resources
- rational use of resources
- rationally utilized resources
- raw material resources
- recycled resources
- redeployment of resources
- renewable natural resources
- saving of resources
- scarce resources
- specific resources
- substantial resources
- timber resources
- transfer of resources
- use of resources
- vital resources
- volume of productive resources
- waste use of natural resource
- wasteful use of natural resource
- water power resources
- water resources
- world resources

Politics english-russian dictionary > resource
16 control

управление, руководство; контроль; проверка; надзор; наведение ( на цель) ; господство (напр. в воздухе) ; топ. сеть опорных точек; pl. рычаги [органы] управления

attach for control (to) — подчинять (кому-л.)

pass to control (of) — переходить в подчинение

positive, two-man control of US personnel over nuclear weapons — подтверждающий контроль двух лиц из персонала США над ЯО (гарантирующий от несанкционированного использования)

relinquish control to... — передавать в подчинение...

stabilized (tank) gun control — управление огнем пушки (танка) с применением стабилизации; pl. органы управления огнем пушки (танка) с применением стабилизации (прицеливания и наводки)

— access control

— administrative control

— agent control

— air control

— air space control

— air support control

— air traffic control

— aircraft control and warning

— aircraft-assisted fire control

— airlift control

— airphoto-point control

— altitude control

— ammunition control

— approach control

— arbitrary survey control

— area damage control

— armament control

— arms control

— assume control

— assumed survey control

— attendance control

— bank control

— battery control

— battlefield air space control

— beam-rider control

— bilateral arms control

— blackout control

— block control

— border control

— breath control

— buildup control

— CAS control

— central control

— central fire control

— central security control

— central tracer control

— centralize control

— circulation control of individual

— circulation control

— civilian internee control

— classification control

— classified document control

— close control

— close-in control of air strikes

— column control

— command code control

— command control

— command destruct control

— commander-gunner double gun control

— common control

— computer-assisted interception control

— consistent with control

— contamination control

— control by fire

— control by survey

— control of civil disturbances

— control of civilians

— control of communications media

— control of epidemics

— control of national installations vulnerability

— control of sensitive objectives and facilities

— control of the objective

— control of the seas

— control without occupation

— convoy control

— countdown control

— CP area entrance control

— CP area exit control

— crossing control

— crowd control

— custodial control

— damage control

— decentralize control

— decentralized control

— delegate control to

— diplomatic arms control

— directional control

— disarmament control

— disaster control

— disease control

— dispersal control

— disrupt control

— disseminated control

— distant control

— document control

— dose control

— dosimetric control

— electromagnetic emission control

— embarkation control

— emergency bomb damage control

— emission monitor control

— engagement control

— entrance control

— establish control

— exercise control

— exercise control

— exit control

— exposure control

— external control

— fear control

— federal control

— field control

— fighters control

— fighting control

— financial administrative control

— fire control

— fire support control

— flight control

— fluid-injection thrust vector control

— fog control

— forward air control

— forward battle area air space control

— forward control

— frequency control

— gain control

— geodetic control

— get out of control

— go out of control

— ground control

— ground-mounted control

— ground-vectoring control

— guidance control

— gun control

— higher fire control

— homing control

— horizontal control

— individual tracer control

— information security control

— internal control

— interval control

— jet control

— jet-vane control

— job control

— joint fire support control

— key and lock control

— launching control

— maintain control

— maintenance suspense control

— manpower control

— manual control to line-of-sight

— map control

— midcourse control

— military air traffic control

— missile path control

— mission control

— mob control

— motor bleed roll control

— movement control

— national control

— naval air support control

— naval control of shipping

— naval shore fire control

— nuclear accident contamination control

— nuclear strike damage control

— off-carriage fire control

— on-carriage fire control

— operational control

— optical tracking fire control

— optronic fire control

— organizational traffic control

— orthopods control

— override fire control

— pass control

— pass to ground control

— photo point control

— photogrammetric control

— pitch control

— place under control

— population control

— population movement control

— position azimuth and elevation control

— positive control

— positive launch control

— proportional control

— put under control

— PW control

— qualitative control

— quantitative control

— radar control

— radar fire control

— radiation control

— radiological control

— range control

— range gate control

— rear area damage control

— reestablish control

— refugee control

— regain control

— release to control

— resources control

— retain under control

— revert to control

— riot control

— rodent control

— roll control

— satellite cataloguing control

— sea bed armament control

— sea control

— security control

— shift the control

— shore fire control

— snowdrift control

— special area damage control

— special warhead arming control

— split double control of employment of deployed nuclear missiles

— staff message control

— standoff control of battlefield weapons

— stochastic optimal control

— stock control by command approval

— stock control by selective stockage

— stock control

— strike control

— survey control

— swivel nozzle thrust-vector control

— tactical air control

— tactical control

— tactical fire control

— take the control

— technical fire control

— terminal control

— theater nuclear force arms control

— thrust magnitude control

— tire-pressure centralized control

— top-down control

— topographic control

— tracer control

— traffic control

— travel control

— turn-round control

— twist-and-steer control

— two-man control

— unrestricted emission control

— vertical control

— visual control

— visual fire control

— voice control

— weapons-grade power and fire control

— weight control personnel

— yaw control

English-Russian military dictionary > control
17 advance

1. n продвижение, движение вперёд

advance of glacier — наступление ледника

advance of an epidemic — распространение эпидемии

netting an advance — продвижение

wall advance — продвижение забоя

armored advance — продвижение танков

covered advance — прикрыл продвижение

cover advance — прикрывать продвижение

2. n воен. наступление

advance in force — наступление крупными силами

bogging an advance — задерживание наступления

carry forward advance — развивать наступление

direction of advance — направление наступления

carrying forward advance — развитие наступления

carried forward the advance — развил наступление

3. n воен. продвижение от рубежа к рубежу

advance by bounds — продвижение скачками

still advance — продвижение стоп-кадра

expedite advance — ускорять продвижение

expedited advance — ускорил продвижение

hamper advance — затруднять продвижение

item advance — поэлементное продвижение

4. n тех. опережение; упреждение, предварение

ignition advance — опережение зажигания

advance of release — предварение выпуска

advance of admission — предварение впуска

advance control — регулирование опережения

automatic advance — автоматическое опережение

5. n прогресс; успех; улучшение

days of advance — век прогресса

industrial advance — индустриальный прогресс, успехи промышленности

advance of science — прогресс науки

significant advance — значительный успех

technical advance — технический прогресс

mechanical advance — технический прогресс

advance in the talks — успехи на переговорах

advance forward in gymnastic — делать успехи в гимнастике

6. n повышение, рост

advance in the cost of living — повышение стоимости жизни

advance in price — повышение цены

advance in rank — повышение в звании

advance in the priesthood — повышение в чинах священства

7. n аванс; ссуда

in advance — авансом

to pay in advance — платить заранее, выдавать аванс

advance sum — аванс

card advance — аванс

advance money — ссуда

advance account — счет ссуд

cash advance — наличный аванс

8. n амер. предварительная подготовка, подготовительные мероприятия

advance guarantee — предварительная гарантия

advance outfitting — предварительное насыщение

advance subscription — предварительная подписка

advance information — предварительная информация

advance overworking — предварительная надработка

9. n заранее подготовленный репортаж

far in advance — заранее

discount in advance — заранее учитывать

payable in advance — выплачиваемый заранее

thank you in advance — заранее благодарить

thanking you in advance — заранее благодарить

10. n предварительно разосланный или розданный текст

advance estimate — предварительная смета

advance mortgage — предварительный залог

advance edition — предварительное издание

advance commitment — предварительное обязательство

advance refunding — предварительное рефинансирование

11. n воен. передовые силы

трансгрессия

to be in advance — идти вперёд, спешить

advance base — передовая база

advance post — передовой пост

advance dump — передовой склад

advance party — передовая группа

advance waste bank — передовой отвал

12. a передний, передовой, головной

advance section of a train — головная часть поезда

advance section — головной участок

advance overburden pile — передовой отвал

advance repair shop — головная ремонтная мастерская

13. a предварительный, опережающий; забегающий вперёд

advance booking — резервирование ; предварительный заказ

advance cut — опережающий вруб

advance lever — опережающий рычаг

advance bore — опережающая скважина

advance heading — опережающий штрек

advance call — предварительный вызов

14. v продвигаться, идти вперёд, наступать

he advanced on me in a threatening manner — он угрожающе двинулся на меня

net an advance — продвигаться

command to advance — приказ наступать

lead the advance — продвигаться в первом эшелоне

to order troops to advance — дать приказ войскам наступать

15. v воен. наступать

to advance at the double — продвигаться ускоренным шагом; наступать бегом

16. v двигать вперёд, продвигать

to advance the puck — вести шайбу

to lead the advance — двигаться в голове наступающих войск

17. v передвигать стрелки часов вперёд

all clocks should be advanced one hour — стрелки всех часов должны быть передвинуты на час вперёд

18. v способствовать; приближать, ускорять

to advance growth — ускорять рост

19. v делать успехи; продвигаться; развиваться

to advance in knowledge — накапливать знания

to advance in skill — повышать квалификацию

to carry forward the advance — развивать наступление

carry forward the advance — развивать наступление

make advance — вносить аванс; делать предложение

continue to advance — продолжать развиваться

press the advance — развивать наступление

20. v продвигать

he was advanced to the position of manager — его теперь назначили управляющим

21. v повышать

the bank has advanced the rate of discount to 15% — банк повысил процент учёта до 15%

be on the advance — повышаться

22. v повышаться, возрастать

coal advanced — цена на уголь повысилась

23. v ссужать деньги

he advanced me ?50 — он дал мне взаймы 50 фунтов

24. v платить авансом

advance on receivables — аванс под дебиторскую задолженность

payment to the supplier in advance — аванс поставщику

domestic cash advance — внутренний "наличный аванс "

advance against payments — аванс в счет платежей

advance on securities — аванс под ценные бумаги

25. v выдвигать

to advance an opinion — высказать мнение

advance an objection — выдвигать возражение

26. v тех. наращивать

27. v физ. опережать

Синонимический ряд:

1. prior (adj.) antecedent; anterior; precedent; preceding; prior

2. loan (noun) allowance; credit; loan

3. progress (noun) advancement; anabasis; furtherance; headway; march; ongoing; proficiency; progress; stride

4. progression (noun) approach; course; impetus; lead; moving forward; procedure; procession; progression; way

5. promotion (noun) betterment; boost; enlargement; enrichment; gain; hike; improvement; increase; increment; jump; price rise; promotion; raise; rise

6. proposal (noun) offer; offering; overture; proposal; proposition; suggestion; tender

7. accelerate (verb) accelerate; bring forward; hasten; precipitate; quicken; speed up; update

8. adduce (verb) adduce; allege; cite; lay; present

9. come (verb) come; come along; get along; get on; march; move; proceed; progress

10. improve (verb) flourish; grow; improve; increase; make progress; thrive

11. loan (verb) lend; loan; offer

12. move forward (verb) go forward; move forward; move on; push forward; set forward

13. promote (verb) dignify; elevate; exalt; jump; prefer; profit; promote; raise; upgrade

14. propose (verb) bring to view; broach; deliver; introduce; propose; propound; submit; suggest

15. rise (verb) ascend; climb; mount; rise

16. urge (verb) better; encourage; forward; foster; further; serve; urge

17. before (other) ahead; before; beyond; going before; precedent; preceding; prepublication

Антонимический ряд:

degrade; demote; depress; halt; hesitate; hinder; oppose; recall; recede; retard; retreat; retrogress; return; stand; stop; withhold

English-Russian base dictionary > advance

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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technical information release

How to install the PDM

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

technical information release

How to install the PDM

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Синонимы

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